Disposal of Waste Materials

EFFECT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT ON ECONOMY Waste is part of the economy – it is a by-product of economic activity, by businesses, government and households. Waste is also an input to economic activity – whether through material or energy recovery. The management of that waste1 has economic implications – for productivity, government expenditure, and, of course, the environment. Firms’ decisions over how to manage waste impact on their profitability. Where the benefits outweigh the costs, firms can reduce their overall costs2 and improve productivity by reducing the use of expensive raw materials, whether metal in industry, or paper in commerce. Equally, costs can be reduced by optimising the management of waste which arises. The decisions of consumers in demanding goods and services which lead to waste impact not only on the environment, but also on the level of government spending required by local authorities to collect and manage household waste. As well as the economy-wide impac...

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - CURRENT STATE AND FUTURE CHALLENGES Due to population growth, industrialization, urbanization and economic growth, a trend of significant increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation has been recorded worldwide. MSW generation, in terms of kg/capita/day, has shown a positive correlation with economic development at world scale. Due to rapid industrial growth and migration of people from villages to cities, the urban population is increasing rapidly. Waste generation has been observed to increase annually in proportion to the rise in population and urbanization. The per capita generation of MSW has also increased tremendously with improved life style and social status of the populations in urban centres . As more land is needed for the ultimate disposal of these solid wastes, issues related to disposal have become highly challenging . India, with a population of over 1.21 billion account for 17.5% of the world population (Census of...

ELECTRONIC WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND STRATEGIE E-WASTE IN INDIA  As there is no separate collection of e-waste in India, there is no clear data on the quantity generated and disposed of each year and the resulting extent of environmental risk. The preferred practice to get rid of obsolete electronic items in India is to get them in exchange from retailers when purchasing a new item. The business sector is estimated to account for 78% of all installed computers in India (Toxics Link, 2003). Obsolete computers from the business sector are sold by auctions. Sometimes educational institutes or charitable institutions receive old computers for reuse. It is estimated that the total number of obsolete personal computers emanating each year from business and individual households in India will be around 1.38 million. According to a report of Confederation of Indian Industries, the total waste generated by obsolete or broken down electronic and electrical equipment ...